Uruguay has not determined the regulatory status of germline gene editing. There is little research and no products in development. Products/Research None Regulatory Timeline None NGO Reaction None Additional Resources Genetic Literacy Project’s FAQ on gene editing
Uruguay: Germline / Embryonic Read More »
Uruguay has not determined the regulatory status of gene and stem cell therapy. There is little research and no products in development. Products/Research None Regulatory Timeline None NGO Reaction None Additional Resources Genetic Literacy Project’s FAQ on gene editing
Uruguay: Therapeutic / Stem Cell Read More »
Paraguay has not determined the regulatory status of germline gene editing. There is little research and no products in development. Products/Research None Regulatory Timeline None NGO Reaction None Additional Resources Genetic Literacy Project’s FAQ on gene editing
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Paraguay has not determined the regulatory status of gene and stem cell therapy. There is little research and no products in development. Products/Research None Regulatory Timeline None NGO Reaction None Additional Resources Genetic Literacy Project’s FAQ on gene editing
Paraguay: Therapeutic / Stem Cell Read More »
Countries in Central America have not determined the regulatory status of germline gene editing. There is little research and no products in development. Products/Research None Regulatory Timeline None NGO Reaction None Additional Resources Genetic Literacy Project’s FAQ on gene editing
Central America: Germline / Embryonic Read More »
Countries in Central America have not determined the regulatory status of gene and stem cell therapy. There is little research and no products in development. Products/Research None Regulatory Timeline None NGO Reaction None Additional Resources Genetic Literacy Project’s FAQ on gene editing
Central America: Therapeutic / Stem Cell Read More »
Ukraine has no explicit regulations directly addressing the germline gene editing of embryos for research or clinical purposes. However, a form of germline gene editing is being used in clinics to help women who are infertile have a baby. Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), popularly known as ‘three-parent IVF’, was developed to help women avoid having
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No laws specifically regulate gene therapies, but they are regulated through existing medical drug laws overseen by the Ministry of Health, which oversees clinical trials and medical drug approval. Any facilities that store cells and other human tissues and medical staff involved in clinical trials and treatments must follow regulations developed by the Ministry of
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Countries in Africa have not determined the regulatory status of germline gene editing. There is little research and no products in development. Products/Research None Regulatory Timeline None NGO Reaction None Additional Resources Genetic Literacy Project’s FAQ on gene editing
Africa: Germline / Embryonic Read More »
No information at this time.
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Gene editing is a set of techniques that can be used to precisely modify the DNA of almost any organism. It is being used for applications in human health, gene drives and agriculture. There are numerous gene-editing tools besides CRISPR-Cas 9, which gets most of the attention because it is a comparatively easy tool to use.
Gene editing does not usually involve transgenics – moving ‘foreign’ genes between species. It also refers to a specific technique in contrast to the general term GMO, which is scientifically ambiguous, as genetic modification is a process not a product. Most gene editing involves creating new products by deleting very small segments of DNA (sometimes in agriculture called Site-Directed Nuclease 1 or SDN-1 techniques), which can silence a gene or change a gene’s activity. Countries are evaluating whether or not to regulate this type of gene editing, since it is so similar to natural mutations. The GLP’s Gene Editing Index ratings reflect the regulatory status of SDN-1 techniques, which are the most liberally regulated and will generate most products in the near term.
To develop different products, gene editing can change larger segments of DNA or add DNA from other species (a form of transgenics sometimes in agriculture called SDN-2 or SDN-3 techniques). While many countries are not regulating or lightly regulating SDN-1 techniques, most are moving toward tightly regulating or even restricting SDN-2 and SDN-3.
For more background on the various gene editing SDN techniques, read background articles here and here.